Radial Head Fracture
What Is a Radial Head Fracture?
A radial head fracture involves a break in the radial head, which is the rounded top part of the radius bone that meets the humerus at the outer side of the elbow joint. It plays a critical role in forearm rotation (turning the palm up or down) and elbow stability.
These fractures are common, especially among adults, and often occur as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Depending on the extent of the fracture, it may range from a small crack to a multi-fragmented injury involving joint surfaces.
Causes and Risk Factors
Falling onto an outstretched hand with the elbow partially flexed
Sports injuries, particularly in activities with falls or impact (e.g., skateboarding, snowboarding)
Motor vehicle accidents
Direct trauma to the lateral aspect of the elbow
Osteoporosis increasing bone fragility
Symptoms
Lateral elbow pain (outer side of the elbow)
Swelling and tenderness near the radial head
Difficulty or pain with forearm rotation
Limited elbow extension and flexion
A clicking sensation or locking, particularly in complex fractures
Inability to bear weight on the affected arm
Diagnosis
Physical exam, checking for tenderness, range of motion, and mechanical block
X-rays are the primary imaging modality
CT scan may be needed for detailed assessment in comminuted or intra-articular fractures
Evaluation for associated injuries such as:
Elbow dislocation
Coronoid process fracture (as part of the “terrible triad”)
Ligamentous injury (LCL, MCL)
Treatment
Non-Surgical Treatment
Suitable for Type I (non-displaced or minimally displaced) fractures
Treatment plan includes:
Short-term immobilization in a sling
Early motion exercises to prevent stiffness
Pain control with NSAIDs
Return to full activity in a few weeks for uncomplicated cases
Surgical Treatment
Recommended for Type II or III fractures that are displaced, fragmented, or cause mechanical blockage
Surgical options:
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws or plates
Radial head excision in select cases (not typically in younger, active patients)
Radial head arthroplasty (prosthetic replacement) for complex, non-repairable fractures
Goal is to restore elbow stability and motion while minimizing complications
Recovery Outlook
Most fractures heal within 6 to 10 weeks, depending on severity and treatment
Physical therapy is key to restoring motion, especially supination and pronation
Patients typically return to normal function within 3 to 4 months, though minor stiffness or discomfort may persist
Early motion is essential to avoid long-term elbow stiffness
Why Kerlan Jobe Institute?
At Kerlan Jobe Institute, we offer advanced imaging and individualized treatment plans for radial head fractures, helping patients recover full elbow function with precision-guided orthopedic care.