Skip to main content

Labral Tears (Bankart and SLAP Lesions)

What Is a Labral Tear?

The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the rim of the glenoid (shoulder socket). It deepens the socket and provides stability to the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. When this cartilage is torn, either through trauma or repetitive stress, it can lead to pain, instability, or reduced function of the shoulder.

There are two major types of shoulder labral tears:

  • Bankart lesion: A tear of the anterior-inferior labrum, commonly associated with shoulder dislocations
  • SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior): A tear at the top of the labrum where the biceps tendon attaches
Book A Consultation
Man at the gym holding his shoulder in pain
Woman in white stretching before a jog
Model

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Shoulder dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations)
  • Overhead sports (baseball, tennis, volleyball, swimming)
  • Repetitive shoulder motions (throwing or lifting)
  • Direct trauma or fall onto an outstretched arm
  • Age-related degeneration or chronic instability

Symptoms

  • Deep, aching shoulder pain
  • Clicking, catching, or popping sensations with movement
  • Weakness or instability during overhead activities
  • Decreased range of motion
  • Pain with lifting, throwing, or pushing motions
  • In SLAP tears, pain may localize near the biceps tendon

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination for instability or labral-specific signs (e.g., O’Brien’s test, crank test)
  • MRI with contrast (MR arthrogram) is the most accurate imaging tool for labral injuries
  • X-rays to rule out associated bone abnormalities
  • Arthroscopic evaluation may be necessary for definitive diagnosis

Treatment

Non-Surgical Treatment

  • Rest and activity modification (avoid overhead activities)
  • NSAIDs for pain and inflammation
  • Physical therapy to strengthen rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers
  • Often effective in partial or degenerative tears, or non-athletes

Surgical Treatment

  • Indicated for:
    • Failed conservative management
    • Symptomatic Bankart or SLAP lesions in active patients
    • Shoulder instability or recurrent dislocations
  • Arthroscopic labral repair:
    • Bankart tears: reattachment of the labrum to the glenoid
    • SLAP tears: repair or biceps tenodesis (depending on age/activity)
  • Rehabilitation focuses on restoring strength, range of motion, and dynamic shoulder stability

Recovery Outlook

Non-surgical recovery:

6–12 weeks with guided rehab

Post-surgical recovery:

Sling for 3–4 weeks

Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery

Return to full activity typically by 4 to 6 months

Overhead athletes may require longer to regain peak performance

Why Kerlan Jobe Institute?

At Kerlan Jobe Institute, our specialists utilize advanced arthroscopic techniques to diagnose and repair labral injuries with precision. We tailor each treatment plan to the patient’s sport, activity level, and long-term goals—ensuring optimal shoulder function and stability.

Getting You Back in Motion

Surgery is just the beginning. How do you heal, move, and feel when all is said and done?
  From NHL and NBA players to weekend warriors, our goal is the same: getting you back to doing what you love.  


Fit man running at sunset
Model

Patient Testimonials

Schedule a Consultation

Kerlan-Jobe provides comprehensive orthopaedic care for patients seeking expert treatment for sports injuries, joint pain, and mobility limitations. We offers specialized experience and a patient-first approach designed to support lasting results.

Contact the office to schedule a consultation and learn more about your treatment options.

Schedule A Consultation

Please fill out the form below

Contact Us