Elbow Dislocation
What Is an Elbow Dislocation?
An elbow dislocation occurs when the ulna and radius (forearm bones) are forcibly displaced from their normal articulation with the humerus (upper arm bone). It is a serious orthopedic emergency that often damages multiple supporting structures — particularly the ligaments, joint capsule, and occasionally nerves or blood vessels.
Dislocations can range from simple (no associated fractures) to complex (accompanied by fractures, soft tissue injury, or neurovascular compromise).
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What Causes Elbow Dislocation?
Elbow dislocations usually result from:
- Falling on an outstretched hand with the elbow extended
- High-energy trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents, sports collisions)
- Severe twisting injuries of the arm
- Hyperextension during a forceful impact
Types of Elbow Dislocations
- Posterior dislocation (most common): Forearm shifts backward relative to the upper arm
- Anterior dislocation: Rare, occurs when the forearm is pushed forward
- Lateral/medial dislocations: Sideways displacement
- Complex dislocation: Involves associated fractures (e.g., radial head, coronoid process, olecranon)
Symptoms
- Severe pain and deformity of the elbow
- Inability to bend, straighten, or rotate the arm
- Swelling and bruising
- A sensation of the joint “popping out”
- Possible numbness or tingling in the hand (indicating nerve involvement)
- Loss of pulse or coolness in the forearm/hand (indicating vascular compromise)
Immediate Management
Elbow dislocations are a medical emergency. Key first steps:
- Immobilize the arm in the position found
- Do not attempt self-reduction
- Seek emergency medical care for reduction under sedation or anesthesia
- Early evaluation of blood flow and nerve function is critical
Diagnosis
After clinical evaluation:
- X-rays to confirm dislocation type and rule out fractures
- CT or MRI for complex cases or suspected soft-tissue damage
- Vascular assessment (e.g., Doppler ultrasound, CT angiogram) if pulse is diminished
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatment (Simple Dislocations)
- Closed reduction (manipulating the joint back into place)
- Short-term immobilization (1–2 weeks)
- Gradual rehabilitation to restore range of motion
- Physical therapy to prevent stiffness and regain function
Surgical Treatment (Complex or Unstable Dislocations)
- Required if:
- Associated fractures are present
- Ligaments are torn and joint remains unstable
- Neurovascular structures are injured
- Procedures may involve:
- Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures
- Ligament repair or reconstruction
- Joint stabilization techniques (e.g., hinged external fixator)
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- Simple dislocation: Return to function within 8–12 weeks with guided rehab
- Complex dislocation: Recovery may take 4–6 months, especially if surgery is needed
- Goal is to restore full range of motion and prevent long-term complications such as:
- Stiffness or contractures
- Chronic instability
- Post-traumatic arthritis
Advanced Elbow Trauma Care at Kerlan Jobe Institute
The team at Kerlan Jobe Institute specializes in treating all types of elbow dislocations — from simple joint realignment to complex, multi-ligament reconstruction. With advanced imaging, surgical expertise, and tailored rehabilitation, we guide patients from emergency care through full recovery.
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Surgery is just the beginning. How do you heal, move, and feel when all is said and done?
From NHL and NBA players to weekend warriors, our goal is the same: getting you back to doing what you love.
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Dr. Kharrazi truly got me back on my feet—literally.
One year ago, I tore several ligaments in my knee, and now I’m able to do the things I enjoy again.
His expertise, knowledge, and confidence are what made me choose him as my surgeon, and I will always be grateful to him and his entire team. Rudy, his assistant; Norma, who was always so prompt with all of my emails; and Blanca, who helped with forms—each of them made a difference. I can’t thank them enough for being there with me every step of the way.
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“My experience with Dr Kvitne was amazing he is a outstanding Doctor what a talented man he is my knee was in such bad shape he did not have much to work with but he got in there and fixed me up there was so much that had to be repaired Dr Kvitne with his knowledge and experience repaired my knee so nicely done I have had knee surgery before but never like this I can’t say enough good things about Dr Kvitne awesome human being as well as a awesome excellent Doctor!!”
Dr. Kharrazi gave me my mobility back
After 2 knee surgeries with other Orthopedics I must say that Dr. Kharrazi is a miracle worker. I have my mobility back and my pain level is so greatly improved. Thanks Dr. K!
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Kerlan-Jobe provides comprehensive orthopaedic care for patients seeking expert treatment for sports injuries, joint pain, and mobility limitations. We offers specialized experience and a patient-first approach designed to support lasting results.
Contact the office to schedule a consultation and learn more about your treatment options.