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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)

What Is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) refers to pain at the front of the knee, around or behind the kneecap (patella), often aggravated by movement. Sometimes called “runner’s knee,” PFPS is a common condition in young athletes, active adults, and individuals who perform repetitive knee movements.

This condition typically arises when there is irregular tracking of the patella within the groove of the femur, causing irritation to the surrounding cartilage and soft tissue.

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Common Causes of PFPS

PFPS can develop from a combination of anatomical, biomechanical, and activity-related factors:

  • Overuse from running, squatting, climbing, or prolonged sitting
  • Muscle imbalances or weakness, especially in the quadriceps and hips
  • Improper alignment of the lower limb (knock-knees, flat feet, or overpronation)
  • Previous patellar dislocation or trauma
  • Tight hamstrings or IT band

Signs and Symptoms

Patients with PFPS often report:

  • Dull, aching pain at the front of the knee
  • Pain that worsens with:
    • Going up or down stairs
    • Squatting or kneeling
    • Sitting for long periods (“movie theater sign”)
  • Popping or grinding sensations under the kneecap
  • Occasional knee instability or giving way

Diagnosing PFPS

Diagnosis is primarily clinical and includes:

  • A thorough physical examination to assess:
    • Patellar tracking
    • Quadriceps strength and flexibility
    • Alignment of the hips, knees, and feet
  • Imaging (X-rays or MRI) may be used to rule out structural problems, cartilage damage, or early arthritis

Treatment Options

Most cases of PFPS can be treated without surgery.

Non-Surgical Treatment

  • Activity modification to reduce stress on the knee
  • Physical therapy focused on:
    • Strengthening the quadriceps and gluteal muscles
    • Improving patellar tracking
    • Enhancing flexibility (hamstrings, IT band)
  • Taping or patellar tracking braces
  • Foot orthotics for flat feet or abnormal gait mechanics
  • NSAIDs or topical pain relievers

Surgical Options (for rare, severe, or unresponsive cases)

  • Lateral release to reduce tightness on the outer knee
  • Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction if instability is present
  • Realignment procedures to adjust patellar tracking

Return to Activity

Most patients improve significantly with proper rehab and can return to:

Recreational sports within 4–8 weeks

Competitive athletics in 2–3 months

Long-term prevention with continued strength and flexibility maintenance

Expert Care at Kerlan Jobe Institute

The orthopedic specialists at Kerlan Jobe Institute take a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treating patellofemoral conditions. We focus on conservative care first, and tailor each recovery plan to the patient’s sport, lifestyle, and long-term goals.

Getting You Back in Motion

Surgery is just the beginning. How do you heal, move, and feel when all is said and done?
  From NHL and NBA players to weekend warriors, our goal is the same: getting you back to doing what you love.  


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Kerlan-Jobe provides comprehensive orthopaedic care for patients seeking expert treatment for sports injuries, joint pain, and mobility limitations. We offers specialized experience and a patient-first approach designed to support lasting results.

Contact the office to schedule a consultation and learn more about your treatment options.

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