What Is a Radial Head Fracture?
A radial head fracture involves a break in the radial head, which is the rounded top part of the radius bone that meets the humerus at the outer side of the elbow joint. It plays a critical role in forearm rotation (turning the palm up or down) and elbow stability.
These fractures are common, especially among adults, and often occur as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Depending on the extent of the fracture, it may range from a small crack to a multi-fragmented injury involving joint surfaces.
Causes and Risk Factors
-
Falling onto an outstretched hand with the elbow partially flexed
-
Sports injuries, particularly in activities with falls or impact (e.g., skateboarding, snowboarding)
-
Motor vehicle accidents
-
Direct trauma to the lateral aspect of the elbow
-
Osteoporosis increasing bone fragility
Symptoms
-
Lateral elbow pain (outer side of the elbow)
-
Swelling and tenderness near the radial head
-
Difficulty or pain with forearm rotation
-
Limited elbow extension and flexion
-
A clicking sensation or locking, particularly in complex fractures
-
Inability to bear weight on the affected arm
Diagnosis
-
Physical exam, checking for tenderness, range of motion, and mechanical block
-
X-rays are the primary imaging modality
-
CT scan may be needed for detailed assessment in comminuted or intra-articular fractures
-
Evaluation for associated injuries such as:
-
Elbow dislocation
-
Coronoid process fracture (as part of the “terrible triad”)
-
Ligamentous injury (LCL, MCL)
-
Treatment
Non-Surgical Treatment
-
Suitable for Type I (non-displaced or minimally displaced) fractures
-
Treatment plan includes:
-
Short-term immobilization in a sling
-
Early motion exercises to prevent stiffness
-
Pain control with NSAIDs
-
Return to full activity in a few weeks for uncomplicated cases
-
Surgical Treatment
-
Recommended for Type II or III fractures that are displaced, fragmented, or cause mechanical blockage
-
Surgical options:
-
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws or plates
-
Radial head excision in select cases (not typically in younger, active patients)
-
Radial head arthroplasty (prosthetic replacement) for complex, non-repairable fractures
-
-
Goal is to restore elbow stability and motion while minimizing complications
Recovery Outlook
-
Most fractures heal within 6 to 10 weeks, depending on severity and treatment
-
Physical therapy is key to restoring motion, especially supination and pronation
-
Patients typically return to normal function within 3 to 4 months, though minor stiffness or discomfort may persist
-
Early motion is essential to avoid long-term elbow stiffness
Why Kerlan Jobe Institute?
At Kerlan Jobe Institute, we offer advanced imaging and individualized treatment plans for radial head fractures, helping patients recover full elbow function with precision-guided orthopedic care.