Soft Tissue Injuries Causing Lower Back Pain

What Is a Lumbar Strain or Sprain?

A lumbar strain involves overstretching or tearing of the muscles in the lower back, while a lumbar sprain affects the ligaments that support the spinal joints. Both conditions are common causes of acute or subacute lower back pain and can occur from overuse, poor posture, or sudden forceful movements.

Though not typically serious, these injuries can significantly limit movement and daily function.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Lifting heavy objects improperly
• Sudden twisting or bending motions
• Overuse or repetitive stress during sports or physical activity
• Poor posture or ergonomics
• Weak core muscles
• Sudden falls or trauma
• Risk increases with deconditioning, obesity, or tight hamstrings

Symptoms

• Localized pain in the lower back (not radiating down the leg)
• Muscle stiffness and spasm
• Difficulty bending, twisting, or standing up straight
• Pain that worsens with movement but improves with rest
• Tenderness when pressing on the lower back muscles
• No neurological symptoms (no numbness or weakness in legs)

Diagnosis

• Physical exam to assess range of motion, muscle tenderness, and strength
• Neurologic exam to rule out nerve involvement
• Imaging (X-ray or MRI) typically unnecessary unless:
• Pain persists beyond 6 weeks
• There are signs of nerve compression or trauma

Treatment

Non-Surgical Treatment

• Rest: Short-term rest (1–2 days) followed by gradual return to activity
• Ice or heat application for muscle relaxation and swelling
• Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) for pain control
• Physical therapy: Stretching, strengthening, posture training
• Massage or manual therapy
• Core stabilization exercises to prevent recurrence

Surgical Treatment

• Rarely needed
• Only considered if there is an underlying spinal abnormality causing persistent symptoms

Recovery Timeline

• Most patients recover within 2–4 weeks
• Mild strains may resolve in a few days
• Physical therapy may continue for 4–6 weeks
• Avoidance of high-risk activities and proper lifting mechanics helps prevent recurrence

Expert Treatment at Kerlan Jobe Institute

At Kerlan Jobe Institute, our spine care team provides tailored treatment for lumbar strains and sprains, guiding you through a conservative recovery plan that emphasizes pain relief, mobility, and long-term back health. Our goal is to get you back to your lifestyle safely and efficiently.